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Studies and Sources Guiding Our Work

Our products are built on a foundation of cutting-edge research and proven methodologies. Explore the diverse, growing body of research and perspectives that shape our work.

Abbas, M., & Ali, R. (2023). Transformational versus transactional leadership styles and project success: A meta-analytic review. European Management Journal, 41(1), 125-142. LINK

Allen, T. D., Finkelstein, L. M., & Poteet, M. L. (2009). Designing workplace mentoring programs: An evidence-based approach. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444310320

Alvarez K, Salas E, Garofano CM. An Integrated Model of Training Evaluation and Effectiveness. Human Resource Development Review. 2004;3(4):385-416. doi:10.1177/1534484304270820

American Psychological Association. (2012, January 1). Introduction to mentoring: A guide for mentors and mentees. https://www.apa.org/education-career/grad/mentoring

Anderson, J. (2019). Leading growth mindsets: Setting up for success. Habits of Mind Institute. LINK

Anderson, M. (2017). Transformational leadership in education: A review of existing literature. International Social Science Review, 93(1), 1-13. LINK

Asbari, M., Santoso, P. B., & Prasetya, A. B. (2020). Elitical and antidemocratic transformational leadership critics: is it still relevant? (A literature study). International Journal of Social, Policy and Law, 1(1), 12-16. LINK

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.

Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Manual and sampler set (3rd ed.). Mind Garden.

Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315-338.

Avolio, B. J., & Yammarino, F. J. (2002). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerging Leadership Vistas, 375-410.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. LINK

Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31. LINK

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32. LINK

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 112-121. LINK

Bass, B. M., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181-217. LINK

Beheshti, N. (2019). Improve workplace culture with a strong mentoring program. Forbes. Available online: https://www. forbes. com/sites/nazbeheshti/2019/01/23/improve-workplace-culture-with-a-strong-mentoring-program.

Beheshti, N. (2019). Improve workplace culture with a strong mentoring program. Forbes. Available online: https://www. forbes. com/sites/nazbeheshti/2019/01/23/improve-workplace-culture-with-a-strong-mentoring-program.

Berson, Y., & Avolio, B. J. (2004). Transformational leadership and the dissemination of organizational goals: A case study of a telecommunication firm. Leadership Quarterly, 15(5), 625-646.

Bower, J. & Bower, T. (2024). Mindsets at Work: Concepts, Complexities, and Challenges in the Journey Towards a Growth Mindset. B Optimal Consulting, LLC. LINK

Boyatzis, R. E. (2001, 2006, 2008). Intentional change theory (ICT). Case Western Reserve University.

Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Beveridge, A. J. (2012). Coaching with compassion: Inspiring health, well-being, and development in organizations. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.671346

Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Van Oosten, E. B. (2022). Helping people change: Coaching with compassion for lifelong learning and growth (2nd ed.). Harvard Business Review Press.

Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M., & Beveridge, A. J. (2012). Positive emotional attractor and vision-based change in coaching. The Journal of Management Development, 31(9), 857–868.

Boyatzis, R., Smith, M., & Oosten, E. (2019). Coaching for change. Harvard Business Review.

Boyce, L. A., Jackson, R. J., & Neal, L. J. (2010). Building successful leadership coaching relationships: Examining impact of matching criteria in leadership coaching. Journal of Management Development, 29(10), 914–931. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711011084231

Brown, B. (2021, June 15). What’s the best way to build trust at work? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/06/whats-the-best-way-to-build-trust-at-work?ab=at_art_art_1x1

Browne, I. (2021). Exploring Reverse Mentoring;" Win-Win" Relationships in The Multi-Generational Workplace. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 15.

Buvik, M. P., & Tkalich, A. (2022, June). Work engagement in agile teams: The missing link between team autonomy, trust, and performance? In International Conference on Agile Software Development (pp. 131-147). Springer International Publishing. LINK

CMWS October 2024 - Cultivating Wellness and Resilience: The Power of Hope. MENTOR. (2024, October 21). https://www.mentoring.org/resource/cmws-october-2024-cultivating-wellness-and-resilience-the-power-of-hope/

CSU. (n.d.). Dealing with ambiguity. Colorado State University. Retrieved from https://www.educationcompetencies.com

Carver, D. A. (1989). Transformational leadership: A bibliographic essay. Library Administration & Management. 3(1), 30-34.

Center for Creative Leadership. (n.d.). How to build trust in the workplace and on your team. Center for Creative Leadership. Retrieved from https://www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/how-to-build-trust-in-the-workplace-and-on-your-team/

Churchill Leadership Group. (2022). Top 5 tips to excel as leader coaches in 2022. Retrieved from Churchill Leadership Group

Clark, D. (2022, October 11). How to Help an Employee Figure Out Their Career Goals. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/10/how-to-help-an-employee-figure-out-their-career-goals

Clarke, A. J., Burgess, A., van Diggele, C., & Mellis, C. (2019). The role of reverse mentoring in medical education: current insights. Advances in medical education and practice, 693-701.

Clarkson, K. (2020, June 2). How strong leaders build trust and relationships in remote teams [Leadership talk]. TED.

Clayton, M. (n.d.). How to coach with the GROW model [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TMM0lhukBg

Cockram, S. (2019, October 17). Successful leaders build and sustain long-term relationships [TEDxTalk]. TEDxABQSalon.

Coffey, K. (2019, May 18). Connect and lead, how we create community [TEDxTalk]. TEDxSnoIsleLibraries.

Coffey, K. (2019, May 18). Teams start with human connections [TEDxTalk]. TEDxSanAntonio.

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.

Dale Carnegie. (n.d.). Organizational coaching and its impact on business outcomes. Retrieved from Dale Carnegie

Davey, Z., Jackson, D., & Henshall, C. (2020). The value of nurse mentoring relationships: Lessons learnt from a work‐based resilience enhancement programme for nurses working in the forensic setting. International journal of mental health nursing, 29(5), 992-1001.

Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 177-193. LINK

Dirks, J.L. (2021). Alternative Approaches to Mentoring. Critical Care Nurse, 41 1, e9-e16 .

Díaz-Sáenz, H. R. (2011). Transformational leadership. The SAGE handbook of Leadership, 5(1), 299-310. LINK

Eby, L. T. & Rhodes, J. E. (2007). “Definition and evolution of mentoring. (pp. 11-21). ” In T. D. Allen and L. T. Edy (Eds). Handbook of mentoring: A multiple perspective approach. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.

Eby, Lillian T., Tammy D. Allen, Sarah C. Evans, Thomas Ng, and David L. DuBois. "Does mentoring matter? A multidisciplinary meta-analysis comparing mentored and non-mentored individuals." Journal of vocational behavior 72, no. 2 (2008): 254-267.

Edinger , S. (2022, July 21). Motivating People Starts with Building Emotional Connections. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/07/motivating-people-starts-with-building-emotional-connections

Einhorn, C.S. (2020, November 9). When managing through ambiguity, develop a clear vision [Digital article]. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/11/when-managing-through-ambiguity-develop-a-clear-vision

Ely, K., Boyce, L. A., Nelson, J. K., Zaccaro, S. J., Hernez-Broome, G., & Whyman, W. (2010). Evaluating leadership coaching: A review and integrated framework. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(4), 585–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.06.003

Eng, M. (2017, November 18). Teams start with human connections [TEDxTalk]. TEDxSanAntonio.

Fishbach, A. (2018). How to Keep Working When You're Just Not Feeling It: Four strategies for motivating yourself. Harvard Business Review, 96(6), 138-141.

Forbes Coaches Council. (2019, April 24). The challenges of adopting a coaching mindset and how leaders can overcome them [Blog article]. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2019/04/24/the-challenges-of-adopting-a-coaching-mindset-and-how-leaders-can-overcome-them/

Garvin, D. A. (1993). Building a learning organization. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 78–91.

Garvin, D. A. (2003). Learning in action: A guide to putting the learning organization to work. Harvard Business Review Press.

Gendron, B. (2022, Feb 8). 5 tips to overcome ambiguity at work [Blog article]. The Training Associates. https://thetrainingassociates.com/blog/career-development-skill-ambiguity/

Gendron, J. (2022). Why change is good for your business. Indeed.com. Retrieved from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/why-change-is-good-for-business

Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., & Reaiche, C. (2015). The emerging role of transformational leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459-467. LINK

Giacumo, L. A., Chen, J., & Seguinot‐Cruz, A. (2020). Evidence on the Use of Mentoring Programs and Practices to Support Workplace Learning: A systematic multiple‐studies review. Performance improvement quarterly, 33(3), 259-303.

Goodwin, V. L., Wofford, J. C., & Whittington, J. L. (2001). A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 22(7), 759-774. LINK

Graen, G., & Grace, M. (2015). New talent strategy: Attract, process, educate, empower, engage and retain the best. Society for Human Resource Management, 15(1), 23-34.

Gruenfeld, D., Briggs, M. J., & Mackenzie, L. N. (2022, February 15). Using a mantra to be a more inclusive leader. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/02/using-a-mantra-to-be-a-more-inclusive-leader

Hakanen, M., & Soudunsaari, A. (2012). Building trust in high-performing teams. Technology Innovation Management Review, 2(6). LINK

Hakanen, M., Häkkinen, M., & Soudunsaari, A. (2015). Trust in building high-performing teams: conceptual approach. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 20(2). LINK

Harvard Business Review. (2021). Delivering effective feedback: A reading guide. Harvard Business Review Press.

Hase, S. (2014). Skills for the learner and learning leader in the 21st century. In L. M Blaschke, C. Kenyon, & S. Hase (Eds.), Experiences in self-determined learning, 99-110. Amazon.com. https://edtechbooks.org/-Kzdo

Hay, I. (2006). Transformational leadership: Characteristics and criticisms. E-journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership, 5(2). LINK

Hinkin, T. R., & Tracey, J. B. (1994). Transformational leadership in the hospitality industry. Hospitality Research Journal, 18(1), 49-63.

Hone, L. (2020, May 7). The three secrets of resilient people [TEDxTalk]. TEDxChristchurch.

House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage Publications.

Ibarra, H., & Rattan, A. (n.d.). From know-it-alls to learn-it-alls: How leaders can instill a growth mindset. Harvard Business Review Digital Articles.

Ibarra, H., & Scoular, A. (2019). The leader as coach. Harvard Business Review, 97(6), 110–119. https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-leader-as-coach

International Coaching Federation (ICF). (2009). Global coaching study. Retrieved from ICF Website

Johnson, W. (2022, March 10). Creating a culture of learning and growth [Webinar]. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/webinar/2022/03/creating-a-culture-of-learning-and-growth

Jones, J. (2016). Learning within formal mentoring relationships: what mentees and mentors learn at different phases of the mentoring life-cycle and factors that moderate the learning process.

Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92.

Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.

Kiely, M. (2014, June 1). Proven ways to earn your employees’ trust. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2014/06/proven-ways-to-earn-your-employees-trust

Koehn, N. (n.d.). How great leaders develop their grit [Video]. TED.

Korejan, M. M., & Shahbazi, H. (2016). An analysis of the transformational leadership theory. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(3), 452-461. LINK

Kovach, J. (2019, September 5). Resilient leadership [TEDxTalk]. TEDxWaterStreet.

Kramer, R. M. (2014, June 1). Proven ways to earn your employees’ trust. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2014/06/proven-ways-to-earn-your-employees-trust

Kramer, R. M. (2021, June 15). What’s the best way to build trust at work? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/06/whats-the-best-way-to-build-trust-at-work?ab=at_art_art_1x1

Lai, A. (2011). Transformational-transactional leadership theory. AHS Capstone Projects. Paper, 17. LINK

Leithwood, K. A., & Poplin, M. S. (1992). The move toward transformational leadership. Educational Leadership.

Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2000). The effects of transformational leadership on organizational conditions and student engagement with school. Journal of Educational Administration, 38(2), 112-129. LINK

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Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press.

Mattone, J. (2019, April 25). How great leaders handle uncertainty and ambiguity [Blog article]. John Mattone. https://johnmattone.com/blog/how-great-leaders-handle-uncertainty-and-ambiguity/

McCloskey, D. W. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee turnover: The moderating effects of identification, engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 60-67.

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Melfa, M. and Allen, J. (2020, November 24). Identify your natural talents: Tips from a CliftonStrengths Finders coach [Podcast episode]. Bring Out the Talent. https://bringoutthetalent.buzzsprout.com/1788200/9403634-bring-out-the-talent-episode-11-identify-your-natural-talents-tips-from-a-cliftonstrengths-finders-coach

Melfa, M. and Allen, J. and Eiman, L. (2020, September 1). Resilience and a winning mindset with gold medal Olympic weightlifter, Laura Eiman [Podcast episode]. Bring Out the Talent. https://bringoutthetalent.buzzsprout.com/1788200/8883995-bring-out-the-talent-episode-4-resiliency-and-a-winning-mindset-with-gold-medal-olympic-weightlifter-laura-eiman

Melfa, M. and Allen, J., & Tulgen, B. (2020, October 12). Leadership: Leading with structure and substance [Podcast episode]. Bring Out the Talent. https://bringoutthetalent.buzzsprout.com/1788200/8737041-bring-out-the-talent-episode-2-leadership-leading-with-structure-and-substance

Melfa, M. and Allen, J., and Bonney, A. (2020, November 6). Get comfortable with change [Podcast episode]. Bring Out the Talent. https://www.buzzsprout.com/1788200/9036343-bring-out-the-talent-episode-6-get-comfortable-with-change

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Moosa, F. (2021, March 10). Creating connections from a distance [Key Conversations for Leaders]. TED.

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Njah, J., Hansoti, B., Adeyami, A., Bruce, K., O'Malley, G., Gugerty, M. K., Chi, B. H., Lubimbi, N., Steen, E., Stampfly, S., Berman, E., & Kimball, A. M. (2021). Measuring for Success: Evaluating Leadership Training Programs for Sustainable Impact. Annals of global health, 87(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3221

Oelwein, W. (2014, June 16). Let’s clarify what “dealing” with ambiguity means [Blog article]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140616070316-30480946-let-s-clarify-what-dealing-with-ambiguity-means/

O’Connor, D., & Cavanagh, M. (2013). The coaching ripple effect: The effects of developmental coaching on well-being across organizational networks. Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-3-2

Passarelli, A. M. (2014). Vision-based coaching: Optimizing intentional change theory for developmental coaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01136

Passarelli, A. M. (2015). Vision-based coaching: Exploring the ideal self as a driver of development. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.920407

Passarelli, A. M. (2015). Vision-based coaching: Optimizing resources for leader development. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00412

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Performance Consultants International. (2018). The GROW model: A simple framework for coaching. Retrieved from https://www.performanceconsultants.com/grow-model

Performance Consultants International. (n.d.). What is the GROW model? Sir John interview reflections - GROW #9 [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=n2JAApll2X0&feature=emb_logo

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Rhianon Washington & Elaine Cox (2016) How an Evolution View of Workplace Mentoring Relationships Helps Avoid Negative Experiences: The Developmental Relationship Mentoring Model in Action, Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 24:4, 318-340, DOI: 10.1080/13611267.2016.1252109

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Sharma, S. (2020, November 18). What inclusive leaders sound like. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/11/what-inclusive-leaders-sounds-like

Sny, C. (2013). Transformational leadership and its role in strategic planning in educational organizations. Journal of Academic Perspectives. 2013(2), 1-14.

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Steinmann, B., Klug, H. J., & Maier, G. W. (2018). The path is the goal: How transformational leaders enhance followers’ job attitudes and proactive behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2338. LINK

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